2 10 21 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/cf3a130575d698cf1fbe2dd35343426d.png 8eca395d9d78ec503debf1727f2542af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Saml. Houston 13 May 1863 Answd 29 May authorizing him to arrest all stragglers deserters conscripts in Leake Co. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Note from Leake County, Mississippi Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-944-13-45 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft.; Military deserters.; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Note from Leake County, Mississippi, stating that Samuel Houston had authority to arrest all stragglers, deserters, and conscripts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-05-13 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/819f9c3389f30a48e3568286ad0ca210.png 533768fd391a80a217a484716ea1b982 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/17b09bd8122347a12b2115e997adc820.png ec81f3564b01c59eef776d2901a5be33 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/db446610eef3e51828fb72cbb01a8e4d.png 9fc454c1cfa977f1782e3028ba65ce1c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Pickens Station April 14/63 His Excelly. J. J. Pettus Gov. I have the honor to report that your Special order No. 30 requiring a detail of Ten Men another a Lietuenant to arrest deserters in Madison County was received on this 1st April I have executed the Order in Person. Taking with me fifteen men. I return here with a list of deserters names which accompanied your orders showing the disposition made of them It will be seen that many of them are sick and could not be removed of [these?] I exacted a pledge to Return to their Command as soon as they were able requiring at the same time a certificate of the Surgeon at Canton to their immediate disability I arrested Several deserters not found in the list which we are Sent under guard to Hd. Qrs. of their respective regiment It is proper to State that many of my company acting upon the presumption that we were disbanded had taken other Service before I received your Order & I found it troublesome to get enough together to execute the order. you will please disband the company Very Respectfully yours &c Robt L Adams Capt. R [Troop?} Page 2: List of deserter names D. I. McCants arrested and sent to Vaiden W. McMurtry sick this man is insane & should be discharged A. Parish arrested Sent to Vaiden T J. Grafton returned to his co. T. A. Carr Sick in bed H N. Resmer returned to his co. W. Nichols Sick in bed E G. Carson arrested Sent to Vaiden J. A. Young removed to Attala Co A. G. Denton Mechanic discharged by the Governor H. R. Barwick Sick in bed E Logue arrested Sent to Vaiden M. L. Clark Not found in the County J. M. Preston removed to Georgia W. R. Mayson Sick in bed A. B. Temple airested Sergeon at Canton. Certifies ^Captured^ that he is [badly?] J. W. Griffin arrested has sent a substitute W. J. Baker " Sick W B Coats removed to Scott County L P Thompson arrested was discharged by his Comdg ^regular^ officer E L. Thompson " Sick in bed J C. Johnson returned to his Company J. Glover not found in the County T C. Bilbo arrested Sent to Vaiden R. Y Soter '' '' " G Terry " " " J. Vincen " " " A. Triplett & B, M. Martin arrested and Sent to Vaiden C Dacy Sick M. A. Cobb & H. V. Haley arrested and Sent to Vaiden W. L. Smith & P Donoho " " " T C Stein hid in Big Black Swamp Cant be found Page 3: Executive Office Jackson Miss April 16th 1863 The Adjt Genl state of miss will accept the resignation of Capt R L Adams and the officers of his Company and direct him to disband the same By order of Gov Pettus James H Rives Private Secty Issued April 17— 1863 (Registered) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Captain Robert L. Adams to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; April 14, 1863 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-944-11-5 Subject The topic of the resource Military deserters.; Mississippi. Governor; Mississippi. Militia; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from Robert L. Adams, Captain of a company of state cavalry, to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus concerning his orders to arrest deserters in Madison County, Mississippi. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adams, Robert L. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-04-14 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/3f285ffb9affd3316bfadc3e4e9b96da.png 0f46829c056841c07f01c0227aef3932 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/3e80474599ad5582c902f93674ff62a6.png 5729a54fc743fdc7756bb021db7fd3cb https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/b6c62210cad7ba23a7878e0bfc5cf635.png 39bf6393eeb33389f84de7f480d9a956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Canton Miss March 27th 1863 To Gov, J, J, Pettus Dear Sir I am here on Detail from Co. (F) 1st" Regt Miss. State troops to arrest and bring to Camp all absentees who are absent without Leave—I find to My Surprise that Publick Sentiment in this place Encourages desertion from the state troops. and Civil officers are very Inefficient in arresting Parties. hence their obstinency. and harsh measures will have to be applyed. I Contend that all Should be Carried back without favor or affection. and I am willing to do my Part in accomplishing that End I would be pleased to have your oppinion on the mater. at your Earliest Conven- Page 2: -ience. as I dont want to act unless I am Justified by Law Yours Very Respectfuly P G Norman 1st Lt Co (F) 1st Regt Miss S. T. Page 3: Sergt P, G, Norman Answered Apl 6th 1863 Measures will be taken to send them back Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from P.G. Norman to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; March 27, 1863 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-944-8-14 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Military deserters; Mississippi. Governor; Mississippi. Militia; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from P. G. Norman, a Sergeant in the 1st Mississippi Infantry State Troops, to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus concerning public approval of desertion from the army. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norman, P. G. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-03-27 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/11e36d560761d15473c3690d2f7e0c64.png 50f87a9778bab7d58e237eee82ae88e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document South-Western Telegraph Company. THE PUBLIC are notified, that in order to guard against mistakes in the transmission of messages, every message of importance ought to be repeated by being sent back from the station at which it is to be received to the station from which it is originally sent. Half the usual price for transmission will be charged for repeating the message, and while this company will, as heretofore, use every precaution to ensure correctness, it will not be responsible for mistakes or delays in the transmission or delivery of repeated messages, beyond an amount exceeding two hundred times the amount paid for sending the message; nor will it be responsible for mistakes or delays in the transmission of unrepeated messages from whatever cause they may arise, nor for delays arising from interruptions in the working of its Telegraphs, nor for any mistake or omission of any other Company, over whose lines a message is to be sent to reach the place of destination. All messages will hereafter be received by this Company for transmission, subject to the above conditions. N. GREEN, Prest., Louisville, Ky. March 26 186[strikethrough]1[strikethrough]3 By Telegraph from Canton 26 186[strikethrough]1[strikethrough]3 To Gov Pettus Details are here to hunt up deserters have no horses can they hire them at the Expense of the state— T, C, Tupper 20 Col Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegram from General Tullius Cicero Tupper to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; March 26, 1863 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_762-948-07-28 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867 Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Telegram from Confederate General Tullius Cicero Tupper at Canton, Mississippi, asking if horses can be hired at the expense of the state to hunt down deserters. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tupper, Tullius Cicero Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-03-26 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/7ca246e8d274e9434bf0231918ee2d2e.png a4429c0bfe06c1b347973473bc32342c https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/41e8a7732ef85d2e3822bcd05494e04a.png fc741232656fb5c92367d216e19dc779 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/ae76a0e804ac3cb6237b3bfceefff4d9.png 1a10c67bf4005602bcada50aec2b92a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: Head Quarters, State of Mississippi, ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL'S OFFICE. Jackson, _ 186 Copy of Letter Head Quarters Grenada 24th Mch 1863 To His Excellency Mr Governor I am satisfied that a considerate con=traband trade is now going on with Memphis, I suppose it is not to be doubted that this trade is very injurious in the intents of the Confederacy & ought to be impeded, A rule has been adopted by our Military Authorities, which operates to foster & encourage this trade. instead of surpressing it, This rule exempts from confiscation & seizure, goods which, though evidently imported from the U.S. have been purchased inside of our lines, This rule is very well understood by the Sharpers engaged in the trade, & of course they do manage that there shall always be a purchaser between them & the enemy, An agent is sometimes employed to get the goods & bring them out, who makes an invoice to the principal, Of course everything is done in form, as if the transaction was bona fide & regular, But I respectfully suggest that even when this rule is Complied with in good faith, it operates to encourage & foster the trade, For it is quite certain that of the party bringing the goods from Memphis or other points in the federal lines, Could not sell them to parties who would be protected in the purchase, that no goods would be so bought, If their be any persons, who really in their owne account & not as agents for others, Engaged in bringing out Page 2: goods, they bring them such a short distance before a resale is made that it is impossible to seize them whilst in their hands. I am satisfied that the only way to surpress this traffic is to seize & confiscate the goods in whomsoever hands they may be & present the party to whose possession they may be found ethically Merchant's & traders, I would also respectfully suggest that a commissioner be appointed to adjudicate & condemn all property of that sort, Military Men have little time to attend to such Matters & it is not their [province?] to do it, Let the Military seize all sent & turn the property & the offender over to the Commissioner for regular judicial proceedings, The way things are now conducted by Ex facto affidavits no [strikethrough] [unclear] [strikethrough] body representing the Government, the results are bad, I believe the trade to be extensive & growing larger every day, & if it ought to be surpressed a change of some sort is essential to effect it, Very Respectfully Signed J.Z. George Brig Genl Commanding Page 3: Head Quarters, State of Mississippi, ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL'S OFFICE. Jackson, _ 186 Brig Gen J. Z. George Letter 24" Mch/63 Copy Original sent Genl Pemberton Apl' 3rd 1863 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from General J. Z. George to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; March 24, 1863 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-944-7-19 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Courts-martial and courts of inquiry.; Military deserters.; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867.; Trials (Military offenses) Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from Confederate General J. Z. George to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus requesting a court-martial for deserters captured by his command. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George, James Z. (James Zachariah), 1826-1897 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-03-24 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1863 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/cc1fc2421f6f8bdb2c27734f62e3e305.png 6c6b440a5abc25c50cd0115a0f95f2b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Yazoo City Oct 3, 1862 To The Hon Gov J, J, Pettis Dear Sir Having returned home after serving faithfully in the 18th" Miss Regt through all the hard fighting for 15 months closing after the 7 Days fighting around Richmond Va. beeing 49 years of age and honourably dis-charged, I deem it my duty to inform your Honour that ^there^ is a stout able healthy young man here who it appears has been practicing deception in order to evade the conscrip act by representing to your honour that the Negroes were getting very troublesome in this nobourhood and that he was the only protector of several families, and all of which is false, there is no one in the nobourhood who would sign his petition, and no one who wishes his protection as I herd his motherinlaw say her only son is in the war, His detale patrole is to and end he now branches off by purchasing a pattent to tan leather individually and now intends to learn to make shoes all which is to evade the conscrip act he beeing 26 years of age, speculating in tobacco from the beginning of the war he has said he would not go that he had no Negroes and that the rich might fight, for them Negroes that he did not intind to fight such is the man Robert S. Bates, I leave him under your Honourable consideration and if you think it advisable you can inform, Gen Tupper, Col Hamer of Yazoo City or the Provost Marchill Tyler of Yazoo City who is stout and hearty well known as such, I deem this my duty as an old faithfull Souldier, Allow me to remain your friend and obt Sevt Soldier Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from discharged soldier to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; October 3, 1862 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-942-10-6 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft resisters; Military discharge; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867.; Retired military personnel Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from a discharged soldier to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus informing on Robert L. Bates, who is avoiding the draft. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862-10-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1862 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/151f1953c7b63a3238123064f35c9df3.png 5efc274f35b6f320d3198a821db4a5ec https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/ef3fb42f24162ab0bc9feaf4a111dc50.png b2e51a8a3ebaafe3165b71d22e355ff5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: 9-30-1862 ? Newton County Newton Station Miss To His Exelencey. John J. Pettus. Governor of Mississippi, Dear Sir I trust the importance of the subject, will be sufficient excuse for my troubling you with this letter, but I do not presume the matter has Ever been brought before you. It is relative to Millers, are they subject to Either the Con-script law, or to a draft. I do not own a Mill, nor am I in any way connected with one, but I live in a thickly settled neighbourhood where there is but two watter mills and the owner of one is a conscript and if he is taken away the mill will be stoped, Which will be a great in conveniency to a large neighbourhood and there is a number of women and children who have to depend Page 2: on this mill for bread as they would have to send distance for meal and many of them have no horses nor means of Searching a distance to mill, Will your Exelency be pleased to take this matter into consideration for there is a number of families who will suffer" for bread, and most of them are those who's Husbands & Fathers have gone to fight the battles of their country, An Early answer to this would confer a favour on our neighbourhood, who are anxiously waiting to know—I should have mentioned that it is impossible for the owner of the mill to get any one to attend in his place to said mill, J Renaur Your Exellencys obt Servt John P, Burke merits Millers excempted Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from John P. Burke to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; September 30, 1862 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-942-9-27 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft.; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from John P. Burke to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus concerning the hardships caused to the local people because the millers have all been drafted. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Burke, John P. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862-09-30 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1862 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/f938f9384cc6e0d8a5e78395fe3aac3b.png 121263859696985754b8301ac2a5db86 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/e42bb09ea6f6b258a5bd8a596fc05882.png eee8b3c10485a6e73aa67f559643cc17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: I can do nothing right now for Hornsby except to employ him to discipline the minute men should such a po-sition be agree-able please notify me— W. H. Worthington Aug 2/62 Ansd ["?] 12/62 Columbus, Miss Aug 2nd Gov. J J Pettus: Dear Sir:— I take the liberty of calling your attention to the efforts which a number of militia men, recently drafted in this place, are making to evade the operation of the draft. Some have secured little positions under [strikethrough] past [strikethrough] Con=federate Quartermasters and Commissaries, with no other view than to keep out of the service—porducing, of course, much dissastifaction among those who are compelled to go. I also venture to commend to your attention the high capacity of Gen. C. C. Hornsby, of this place, in the Page 2: event you may require, in organizing the militia, the ser=vice of an experienced officer, Gen. Hornsby is exceedingly desirous of entering the service; and being a gentleman of considerable military experience, you would find him emi=nently worthy of your patronage. He would call on you [strikethrough] at [strikethrough] in Jackson, if you would intimate a willingness to see him; and I am quite sure an interview would satisfy you of his peculiar fitness [strikethrough] [unclear] [strikethrough] for organizing, drilling, disciplining and fighting a fresh body of troops. He was once a Captain in the old U. S. army; served in the war with Mexico; and had command of Walker's forces in Nicaragua until Henning=sen took command. He is and always has been, emi=nently Southern in feeling.—If you will see Gen. H., please inform him by letter. I left our army ^at Richmond^ a few days ago in splendid health and the best possible spirits,— will return in a few days with men to fill up the 2nd Miss battalion. Very truly & respectfully, Yr Friend, W. H. Worthington Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from W. H. Worthington to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; August 2, 1862 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-942-6-7 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft resisters; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from W. H. Worthington to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus concerning local men who were attempting to avoid the draft. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Worthington, W. H. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862-08-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1862 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/cf9633da95115ef799389dbf05444fde.png b99a5719132c617d30470695eeb2a0c9 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/e5f902afb96e34911273c48e197beed2.png 6c7acd385886d844658e163184da9f96 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: July 31st 1862 Miss Kemper County Gov, Pettus Dear sir I wish to call your attention to the situation of this county. in this first place call after call was made for volunteers & the people promtly responded till all the men from here is gone till but few except invalids & old men is gone & then their was & order to inroll the Militia & the men that was set apart for that purpose went out without Knowing their duty & Enrolled every invalid in the county & never there is & order for a Draft out of that sort of men & it has caused greate confusion & dissatisfaction what few men men was left was busily engaged in preparing & furnishing clothing & shoes to the soldiers that was gone, now take those men a way & how are they to be furnished, besides it looks like Treating the people badly after they have sent all but criples & old men & in addition to this there is no special order for what length of time The Draft is for whether for a man's life time or 12 month 6 or 3 months Page 2: & an other dissatisfaction is that Reuben Davis The General that is ordering this is a member of Congress who under the acts of Congress is not thought Elligble & on other objections he had command of the 60 days Troops at Bowling green last winter where they were badly Treated & badly managed till a large number them died & the people is much disturbed about it they say that Gen. Davis was very intemperate & if the Yankees had attacked them they would now have bin all of them have now bin with the Fort Donalson prisoners But this matter is now with you & for the satisfaction of the people I hope I may hear from you soon, There is not half crops mak-ing here & there is not men Enough left here To Take care of what little is making, I am verry certain there is not 400 men of all sorts left in this county the report made by the men inrolling the Militia is as incorrect as it can be for they have enrolled a many a man that is in The service thy just made a guest & but them down But their is no use in my multiplying words for the thing unfair here write to me soon to Kelle's Store Kemper County Miss,: Your obt. Servt, D. A. Clark To Gov. J.J. Pettus Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from D. A. Clark to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; July 31, 1862 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-942-5-35 Subject The topic of the resource Confederate States of America. Army.; Draft.; Mississippi. Governor; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Letter from D. A. Clark in Kemper County, Mississippi, to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus concerning the great dissatisfaction with the draft by the local citizens. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clark, D. A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862-07-31 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1862 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/ae57abc440a2fccc217a4f32d99ea083.png 6b6cdde6a6c59a8f624954c35a5a2a9d https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/27d6851e09734f46868fd038ec12a96a.png 837cb79bee4733262e146721c7fccd81 https://www.susannahjural.com/cwrgm/files/original/9003d74f8c63b1bb6318359bf01adc2b.png 88ef69b3da2effe6b66a4da00b924b6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memory and Commemoration Subject The topic of the resource Most documents from the height of Civil War memory and commemoration efforts in Mississippi and the larger United States are from the early 20th century. Because of this, they won't be found in the CWRGM collection, which ends in 1882. But CWRGM documents can still help site users think about how the <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/lost_cause_the">Lost Cause</a> helped erase the memory of white Unionism in Mississippi, of Black military service in the Union armies/navy, and of tremendous socio-economic advances by African-Americans during the era of Reconstruction that were systematically attacked as that era came to a close. The documents in this section help students, educators, researchers, and the public explore the wartime experiences that the Lost Cause helped erase. Some of the earliest examples of wartime dissent that surface in these sample documents occur shortly after the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act, forcibly drafting men into Confederate military service. Instances of this appear in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/24">July 1862 in Kemper County</a> and <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/25">August 1862 in Lowndes County, MS</a>, and you'll notice that they mostly address perceived inefficiencies of the law or its unfair enforcement. A great example of this is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/23">July 1862 petition from Jasper County</a> opposing illegal implementation of the draft, but not the draft per se. In October 1862, however, the Confederate legislature enacted what became known as the 20 Slave Law to ensure that selected slave holders could remain at home to police enslaved populations and ensure that agricultural production continued. For a summary on this exemption and the frustrations it caused, including complaints that this was now a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight," see <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/twenty-slave_law">this short essay</a>. Evidence of the growing resistance to conscription in Mississippi surfaces in these sample documents as early as the spring and summer of 1863, with an account from Canton, MS, referencing the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/39">public's sympathy for deserters</a> and another from Union Church in Jefferson County referencing the public's unwillingness to assist in the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/45">arrest of deserters</a>. As late as the spring of 1865, documents can be found in the collection, like this one from <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/64">Enterprise, MS</a>, noting the need to round up deserters and locals' unwillingness to assist in the process. On the question of Unionism in Mississippi during and immediately following the war, historians estimate that approximately 500 white Mississippians serve in the <a href="http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/175/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war">Union Army and Navy</a>, while others expressed their Union sympathies as civilians. Several examples of this exist in these sample documents, but not necessarily in this "Memory and Commemoration" theme. You can find them by doing a keyword search for "Union" at the top of any page in the exhibit. One example of wartime Unionism is found in <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/73">James H. Pierce's July 1865 </a>letter to Governor Sharkey, seeking an appointment in recognition of Pierce's loyalty as a "union man" during the war. A <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/77">similar account</a> of longstanding unionism arrived in Sharkey's office that month from a Macon, MS man. Former Confederates noted Unionist support as well, as this <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/68">June 1865 letter</a> from Ripley, MS demonstrates. O. Davis was a former Confederate who accepted that defeat, noting, "the institution of slavery was staked upon the result of the war. We have played and lost and I, for one, am willing to surrender this stake." But Davis protested the idea that Mississippi men who fought for the Union might receive political appointments in the postwar period, insisting that "There is, and will be, for some time much prejudice against Those Southern men who have been in the U.S. army." One of the most powerful documents in this theme is the <a href="http://susannahjural.com/cwrgm/items/show/66">May 1865 address</a> by Mississippi's last Confederate governor, Charles Clark. CWRGM is digitizing governors' Legislative Ledgers last, so this image is actually from digitized microfilm and doesn't reflect the quality standards of the project. It's also difficult to read, as you will notice from the incomplete transcription. But if you scroll down a bit, you'll see that this is a speech by Governor Clark to the Mississippi House of Representatives. The state had just surrendered to Union forces and all sitting office-holders, from the governor on down, were sent home, with some concerned that they might be arrested. Clark's speech reflects his determination to shape how history remembers their role in the Confederacy, despite insisting that he "shall leave the story of this contest to after times & the pen of the impartial Historian. Its History can not now be written." Instead, Clark presented one of the earliest histories of the war, listing its causes, the best approach for the future, and how the state's role in the Confederacy should be remembered. (Written by Susannah J. Ural, Ph.D.) Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Page 1: To His Excellency Hon John J. Pettus, Governor of the State of Mississippi: The undersigned citizens of Jasper County would respectfully represent unto your Excellency that on Saturday last, the 19th instant, pursuaut to orders received for such purpose, a draft was held in and for the Center Beat of said County, for one fourth of the white male inhabitants of said Beat between the ages of Thirty Five and Fifty, for immediate State service.—That Captain John H. Cook, Captain of the Militia of said Beat ordered and supervised said draft, which result-ed in the selection of the undersigned and others to the number of the Twenty Four. Now, there[strikethrough]The undersigned would further represent that[strikethrough]-fore, because of great irregularity, informality and illegality in said draft, the undersigned hereby entir their solemn and united protest against said irregular, informal, and illigal proceeding, and for specific charges of irregularity, illigality and informality, they respectfully present the following, [strikethrough][unclar] [strikethrough] which, upon a proper investigation, & before a proper tribunal, they hold, themselves ready to es-tablish fully, clearly and conclusively: [1st] The undersigned charge ^that^ the free white male inhabitants of said Beat [strikethrough] were not [strikethrough] between the ages of thirty five and fifty were not Page 2: made subject to said draft, in this that men over fifty years of age were drawn for; and the names of others of the prescribed age were stricken from the Roll without authority of law. [2nd] There was no surgeon, as the law requires, to examine those drafted, thereby [strikethrough] causing [strikethrough] putting sound men and invalids on a footing & making each subject to military duty. [3rd] The undersigned further charge that at least two men were seen to examine their tickets before drawing them from the Box, and two other men, Moses & John Cochrane drew at this draft, who the same day had drawn at Garlandsville, in the N.E. Beat of the County. [4th] And as a last charge, the undersigned represent in support of their previous charges—that Ninety Seven tickets were placed in the Box originally, and when the drawing was concluded, four remained who had not drawn and there were a dozen tickets left proving beyond doubt that tickets had been fraudulently ab-stracted which were not originally Page 3: in the Box. In conclusion the undersigned respectfully state that this protest is urged with no disposition to shirk the trying duties that may devolve [strikethrough] upon [strikethrough] them as good and true citizens of the Country, but with the view and for the purposes of maintaining the cardinal principle of their creed as southerners and as Mississippians—the supremecy of Justice and right over injustice and wrong, believing that in so doing they do but vindicate the law, and in this light they trust it may be considered. July 24th 1862. R Reynolds A,M, Harris Thos, W, Jurrell J, M, Davis, James W, Houston James Massey Jno E, May Wm, L, Nicholson C, J, Tharman [strikethrough] J. Thomas? [strikethrough] John Gordan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Petition from the citizens of Jasper County, Mississippi to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus; July 24, 1862 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context mdah_757-942-5-18 Subject The topic of the resource Draft.; Mississippi. Governor; Mississippi. Militia; Pettus, John Jones, 1813-1867. Description An account of the resource From the Mississippi Department of Archives and History Governor Pettus Collection. Petition from the citizens of Jasper County, Mississippi, to Mississippi Governor John J. Pettus protesting an illegal draft of local men into the state militia. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Mississippi Department of Archives and History. (electronic version); Mississippi Digital Library. (electronic version) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862-07-24 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Funding for this project provided by The Dale Center for Study of War and Society-USM, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, the Mississippi Digital Library, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Watson-Brown Foundation Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES; http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1862